It seems that adding the following mariadb parameters solves the problem:
/etc/my.cnf:
innodb_file_per_table=true
innodb_large_prefix=1
innodb_file_format=Barracuda
mysql -u root -p icingaweb2 < /usr/share/doc/icingaweb2/schema/mysql-upgrades/2.11.0.sql
Enter password:
No errors appeared.